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The Big Bang, big bang literally, is the moment of “nothingness” emerge all matter, ie the origin of the universe. Matter, so far, is a point of infinite density, which at one time “explodes” generating the expansion of matter in all directions and creating what we know as our Universe.

Immediately after the time of “explosion” every particle of matter began to move very quickly from one another in the same manner that inflate a balloon it is occupying more space to expand its surface. Theoretical physicists have managed to reconstruct the chronology of events from a 1 / 100 second after the Big Bang. The material released in all directions on the primordial explosion consist exclusively of elementary particles: electrons, positrons, Inns, baryons, neutrinos, photons and so on up to more than 89 particles known today.

In 1948 the Russian physicist George Gamow modified U.S. citizen of Lemaître’s theory of the primordial nucleus. Gamow proposed that the universe was created in a gigantic explosion and that the various elements observed today were produced during the first minutes after the Big Bang or Big Bang, when the extremely high temperature and density of the universe merged subatomic particles in the chemical elements.

More recent calculations indicate that hydrogen and helium would have been the primary products of the Big Bang, and the heavier elements were produced later within stars. However, Gamow’s theory provides a basis for understanding the early stages of the Universe and its subsequent evolution. Because of its very high density of matter existing in the early Universe expanded rapidly. As it expanded, helium and hydrogen is cooled and condensed into stars and galaxies. This explains the expansion of the universe and the physical basis of Hubble’s law.

As the universe expanded, the residual radiation from the Big Bang continued to cool, until a temperature of about 3 K (-270 ° C). These vestiges of the microwave background radiation were detected by radio astronomers in 1965, providing what most astronomers consider confirmation of the theory of Big Bang.

One of the unsolved problems in the model of expanding universe is if the universe is open or closed (ie, whether it will expand forever or will collapse).

An attempt to solve this problem is to determine if the average density of matter in the universe is greater than the critical value in the Friedmann model. The mass of a galaxy can be measured by observing the motion of their stars, multiplying the mass of each galaxy by the number of galaxies is that the density is only 5 to 10% of critical value. The mass of a galaxy cluster can be determined similarly, by measuring the motion of galaxies it contains. Multiplying this mass by the number of clusters of galaxies we obtain a much higher density, approaching the critical limit indicating that the universe is closed.

The difference between these two methods suggests the presence of invisible matter, called dark matter within each cluster but outside the visible galaxies. Until you understand the phenomenon of hidden mass, this method of determining the fate of the universe is unconvincing.

Many of the regular work in theoretical cosmology is focused on developing a better understanding of the processes that must have led to the Big Bang. The inflationary theory, formulated in the 1980s, Solves Big Gamow’s original approach by incorporating recent advances in the physics of elementary particles. These theories have also led to speculation as bold as the possibility of an infinity of universes produced according to the inflationary model.

However, most cosmologists are concerned over the whereabouts of the dark matter, while a minority led by the Swede Hannes Alfvén, Nobel Laureate in Physics, held the idea that not only gravity but also the phenomena plasma, are the key to understanding the structure and evolution of the Universe.

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