Inflationary Theory
According to the theory of Big Bang or Big Bang, generally accepted, the universe emerged from an initial explosion that caused the expansion of matter from a state of extreme condensation. However, in the original formulation of the theory of Big Bang there were several unresolved issues. The state of matter at the time of the explosion was such that he could not apply the normal physical laws. The degree of uniformity observed in the universe was also difficult to explain because, according to this theory, the universe would have expanded too quickly to develop this consistency.
The theory of Big Bang, the universe’s expansion is slowing, while inflation accelerates theory and induces detachment, ever faster, some objects from others. This separation speed becomes greater than the speed of light without violating relativity theory, which prohibits any body of finite mass moving faster than light. What happens is that the space around objects is expanding faster than light, while the bodies remain at rest relative to him.
This extraordinary rate of expansion is attributed to initial uniformity of the visible universe were the parts that were so close together, they had a common density and temperature.
H Alan Guth of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1981 suggested that the hot universe, in an intermediate stage, could expand exponentially. Guth’s idea postulated that this unfolding process of inflation while the primordial universe was in the unstable state of supercooling. This condition is common in supercooled phase transitions, for example in proper condition the water remains liquid below zero degrees. Of course, the supercooled water freezing ends, this event occurs at the end of inflation.
In 1982 the Russian cosmologist Andrei Linde introduced what is called “new inflationary universe hypothesis.” Linde realized that inflation is something that arises naturally in many theories of elementary particles, including the simplest models of scalar fields. If the majority of physicists have assumed that the universe was born once, that at first it was very hot, and the scalar field in the beginning had a minimum potential energy, then inflation appears as natural and necessary away from an exotic phenomenon appealed by the theorists to get out of trouble. This is a variant that does not require quantum gravitational effects, phase transitions, a supercooling or super heating also a first.
Considering all the possible types and values of scalar fields in the primordial universe and trying to see if any of them leads to inflation, is that in places where it occurs, is kept small, and occurs in domains where end be exponentially large and dominate the total volume of the universe. Considering that scalar fields can take arbitrary values in the primordial universe Andrei Linde called this scenario “chaotic inflation”.
Inflationary theory predicts that the universe must be essentially flat, which can be determined experimentally, since the density of matter in a flat universe is directly related to its rate of expansion.
The other testable prediction of this theory has to do with the density perturbations produced during inflation. These disturbances in the distribution of matter in the universe, which could even be accompanied by gravitational waves. The disturbances leave an imprint on the cosmic microwave background that fills the universe almost 15 billion years.
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