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Archive for the ‘Psychic’ Category

The Big Bang, big bang literally, is the moment of “nothingness” emerge all matter, ie the origin of the universe. Matter, so far, is a point of infinite density, which at one time “explodes” generating the expansion of matter in all directions and creating what we know as our Universe.

Immediately after the time of “explosion” every particle of matter began to move very quickly from one another in the same manner that inflate a balloon it is occupying more space to expand its surface. Theoretical physicists have managed to reconstruct the chronology of events from a 1 / 100 second after the Big Bang. The material released in all directions on the primordial explosion consist exclusively of elementary particles: electrons, positrons, Inns, baryons, neutrinos, photons and so on up to more than 89 particles known today.

In 1948 the Russian physicist George Gamow modified U.S. citizen of Lemaître’s theory of the primordial nucleus. Gamow proposed that the universe was created in a gigantic explosion and that the various elements observed today were produced during the first minutes after the Big Bang or Big Bang, when the extremely high temperature and density of the universe merged subatomic particles in the chemical elements.

More recent calculations indicate that hydrogen and helium would have been the primary products of the Big Bang, and the heavier elements were produced later within stars. However, Gamow’s theory provides a basis for understanding the early stages of the Universe and its subsequent evolution. Because of its very high density of matter existing in the early Universe expanded rapidly. As it expanded, helium and hydrogen is cooled and condensed into stars and galaxies. This explains the expansion of the universe and the physical basis of Hubble’s law.

As the universe expanded, the residual radiation from the Big Bang continued to cool, until a temperature of about 3 K (-270 ° C). These vestiges of the microwave background radiation were detected by radio astronomers in 1965, providing what most astronomers consider confirmation of the theory of Big Bang.

One of the unsolved problems in the model of expanding universe is if the universe is open or closed (ie, whether it will expand forever or will collapse).

An attempt to solve this problem is to determine if the average density of matter in the universe is greater than the critical value in the Friedmann model. The mass of a galaxy can be measured by observing the motion of their stars, multiplying the mass of each galaxy by the number of galaxies is that the density is only 5 to 10% of critical value. The mass of a galaxy cluster can be determined similarly, by measuring the motion of galaxies it contains. Multiplying this mass by the number of clusters of galaxies we obtain a much higher density, approaching the critical limit indicating that the universe is closed.

The difference between these two methods suggests the presence of invisible matter, called dark matter within each cluster but outside the visible galaxies. Until you understand the phenomenon of hidden mass, this method of determining the fate of the universe is unconvincing.

Many of the regular work in theoretical cosmology is focused on developing a better understanding of the processes that must have led to the Big Bang. The inflationary theory, formulated in the 1980s, Solves Big Gamow’s original approach by incorporating recent advances in the physics of elementary particles. These theories have also led to speculation as bold as the possibility of an infinity of universes produced according to the inflationary model.

However, most cosmologists are concerned over the whereabouts of the dark matter, while a minority led by the Swede Hannes Alfvén, Nobel Laureate in Physics, held the idea that not only gravity but also the phenomena plasma, are the key to understanding the structure and evolution of the Universe.

According to the laws of motion first established in detail by Isaac Newton in 1680-89, two or more movements are added according to the rules of arithmetic. Suppose a train passes by us at 20 mph and a child throws a ball off the train at 20 miles per hour in the direction of motion of the train. For the child who moves with the train, the ball moves at 20 miles per hour. But for us train movement and the ball are added, so the ball will move at the speed of 40 miles per hour.

As you see, can not speak of the speed of the ball to dry. What counts is its speed relative to a particular observer. Any theory of movement attempts to explain how the speed (and related phenomena) seem to vary from one observer to another would be a “theory of relativity.”

The theory of relativity Einstein was born the following fact: what works for balls thrown from a train does not work for light. In principle it could be that the light spread, or for the earth’s motion or against it. In the first case would seem to travel faster than the second (the same way that a plane travels faster in relation to the ground when you carry a tailwind as when it is facing). However, very careful measurements showed that the speed of light never varies, whatever the nature of the motion of the source emitting the light.

Einstein then said, suppose that when measuring the speed of light in vacuum, it is always the same value (about 299,793 miles per second) in all circumstances. How can we have the laws of the universe to explain this? Einstein found that to explain the constancy of the speed of light had to accept a series of unexpected events.

He found that objects had to be shortened in the direction of movement, especially as most were its speed, and finally to zero in a length limit of the speed of light the mass of moving objects had to increase with speed to be infinite in the limit of the speed of light, that over time a moving object was getting slower with increasing speed, up to stop at this limit, the mass was equivalent to a certain amount of energy and vice versa.

All this developed in 1905 in the form of the “special theory of relativity”, which dealt with a constant velocity of bodies. In 1915 drew even more subtle consequences for objects with variable speed, including a description of the behavior of gravitational effects. It was the “general theory of relativity.”

The changes predicted by Einstein are only noticeable at high speeds. Such speeds have been observed between the subatomic particles, finding that the changes were predicted by Einstein really, and with great accuracy. Moreover, if the theory of relativity Einstein was wrong, particle accelerators could not function, atomic bombs would not explode and certain astronomical observations impossible to do.

But running speeds, the predicted changes are small enough to be ignored. In these circumstances governing the numeracy of Newton’s laws, and as we are accustomed to the operation of these laws, we now seem “common sense”, whereas Einstein’s law seems to us “weird.”